Encapsulated Skin-Ego and Anti-Corporeal Manichaean Myth of Femininity in Transmission
Abstract
We propose, within the context of a Skin Model of Ego Development (SMED), that Didier Anzieu’s work of the skin-ego is a useful entry point into understanding the Manichaean mythic view of femininity as creating an encapsulated skin-ego, that tends to enclose the feminine object in a defensive-isolative capsule, through culturally transmitted ideals, shaped by misogyny. Utilizing this perspective, the unconscious and the myth are seen as being, in general terms, intertwined and expressed in epidermal psychoanalytic dialogue. As a result, the psyche and the body are radically split from one another through the dysfunctioning of the skin-ego that is an asexualized phantasmal-mythic dome of ‘womanhood’, which preserves misogynistic norms and ideals and blocks any possibility of femininity as a subjecthood. Moreover, a culturally transmitted myth-fueled psychic alienation is conveyed through a linguistic mythic time machine, which, in turn, results in transmitting a mythic mindset from one generation to another. In this sense, it is of utmost importance to mention that dysfunctional skin-ego leads to dysfunctional thinking ego therein the result is the isolated mind. Encapsulated thinking ego rejects embodiment, spontaneity, and connectedness with anything that has to do with emotional life. To enrich our discussion, the Matrix movies are used to discuss how the Manichaean system of thought is in motion and survives in transmission.
References
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Abraham, N., & Torok, M. (1986). The Wolf Man's magic word: A cryptonymy (N. Rand, Trans.). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. (Original work published 1976)
Akhtar, S. (2009). Comprehensive dictionary of psychoanalysis. London, UK: Karnac Books.
American Anthropological Association. (AAA). (2019, May 8). What is anthropology? Retrieved from http://www.aaanet.org/about/WhatisAnthropology.cfm
Anzieu, D. (1979). The sound image of the self. The International Review of Psycho-Analysis, 6, 23-36.
Anzieu, D. (1984). The group and the unconscious. London, UK: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Anzieu, D. (1990). A skin for thought: Interviews with Gilbert Tarrab on psychology and psychoanalysis (G. Tarrab, Ed.). London, UK: Karnac Books.
Anzieu, D. (2016). The skin-ego (N. Segal, Trans.). London, UK: Karnac Books. (Original work published 1995)
Anzieu-Premmereur, C. (2015). The skin-ego: dyadic sensuality, trauma in infancy, and adult narcissistic issues. Psychoanalytic Review, 102(5), 659-681.
Bahar, M. (1989). Bundahishn. Persian translation of Bundahishn by Dadegi, Faranbagh. Tehran, Iran: Tous.
Bahar, M. (2001). A search on Iranian mythology. Tehran, Iran: Agah.
Benjamin, J. (2000). Response to commentaries by Mitchell and Butler. Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 1(3), 291-308. https://doi.org/10.1080/15240650109349160
Bick, E. (1968). The experience of the skin in early object relations. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis 49(2-3), 484-486.
Bion, W. R. (1967). Second thoughts. London, UK: William Heinemann.
Boyce, M. (1975). A reader in Manichaean: Middle-Persian and Parthian. Téhéran-Lìege, Iran-Belgium: Bibliothèque Pahlavi.
Burrus, V. (1987). Chastity as autonomy: Women in the stories of the Apocryphal acts (Vol. 23). Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press.
Butler, J. (1997). The psychic life of power: Theories in subjection. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Butler, J. (2000). Longing for recognition: Commentary on the work of Jessica Benjamin. Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 1(3), 291-308. https://doi.org/10.1080/15240650109349159
Butler J. (2015). Ideologies of the super-ego: Psychoanalysis and feminism, Revisited. In R. Duschinsky & S. Walker (Eds.), Juliet Mitchell and the Lateral Axis (pp. 57-77). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Campbell, J. (2000). The masks of God: [Vol. 2]. London, UK: Souvenir.
Chasseguet-Smirgel, J. (1974). Perversion, idealization and sublimation. The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 55(3), 349-357.
Clover, J. (2008). The matrix. London, UK: BFI.
Corbin, H. (1983). Cyclical time and lsmaili gnosis. London, UK: Kegan Paul/Islamic.
Coyle, K. J. (2001). Prolegomena to a study of women in Manichaeism. In P. Mirecki & J. BeDuhn (Eds.), The light and the darkness: Studies in Manichaeism and its world (pp. 1-4). Nag Hammadi and Manichaeism Studies 50. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
Coyle, J. K. (2007). A clash of portraits; contrasts between Archelaus and Mani. In J. Beduhn & P. Mirecki (Eds.), The Acta Archelai, frontiers of faith (Vol. 61, pp. 67-76). Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
Darmesteter, J. (1880). The Zend-Avesta. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. Retrieved from http://wwww.archive.org/details/zendavesta02darm.
Dunphy, R. (2000). Sexual politics: An introduction. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press.
Esmailpour. A. (2005, July). Manichaean gnosis & creation myth. Sino-Platonic Papers, 156, 1-157.
Evans, D. (1996). An introductory dictionary of Lacanian psychoanalysis. New York, NY: Routledge.
Ford, J.L. (2016). Buddhism, Christianity, and The Matrix: The Dialectic of Mythmaking in Contemporary Cinema. Journal of Religion & Film, 4 (2), 1-17. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol4/iss2/1
Franzmann, M.M. (2007). Tehat the weaver: women's experience in manichaeism in fourth-century Roman Kellis. Australian Religion Studies Review, 20(1), 17-26.
Freud, S. (1961). An outline of psycho-analysis. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud Standard Edition (Vol. 23, pp. 139-208). London, UK: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1938)
Freud, S. (1961). Creative writers and day-dreaming. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud Standard Edition (pp. 143-153). London, UK: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1908)
Freud, S. (1961). The dissolution of the Oedipus complex. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud Standard Edition (pp. 172-180). London, UK: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1924)
Freud, S. (1961). The ego and the id. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud Standard Edition (pp. 1-66). London, UK: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1923)
Freud, S. (1961). New introductory lectures on psycho-analysis. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud Standard Edition (pp. 3-182). London, UK: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1933)
Freud, S. (1961). The question of lay analysis. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud Standard Edition (pp. 183-250). London, UK: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1926)
Freud, S. (1961). Some psychical consequences of the anatomical distinction between the sexes. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud Standard Edition (pp. 243-258). London, UK: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1925)
Freud, S. (1961). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (pp. 123-246). London, UK: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1905)
Freud, S. (1961). Totem and taboo. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud Standard Edition (pp. 1-161). London, UK: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1913)
Gomez, L. (1997). An introduction to object relations. New York: New York University Press.
Grosz, E. (1994). Volatile bodies: Towards a corporeal feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Hinshelwood, R. D. (1997). Catastrophe, objects and representation: Three levels of interpretation. British Journal of Psychotherapy, 13(3), 307-317. https://doi.org/10. 1111/j.1752-0118.1997.tb00317.x
Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and time. London, UK: SCM Press.
Hopp, W. (2008). Husserl on sensation, perception, and interpretation. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 38(2), 219-246.
Irigaray, L. (1985). This sex which is not one (C. Porter & C. Burke, Trans.). New York, NY: Cornell University Press. (Original work published 1977)
Jacobson, E. (1964). The self and the object world. New York, NY: International Universities Press.
Jacobson, E. (1967). Psychotic conflict and reality. New York, NY: International Universities Press.
Krystal, H. (1988). Integration and self-healing: Affect, trauma, alexithymia. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Kølvraa, C., & Ifversen, J. (2017). The attraction of ideology: Discourse, desire and the body. Journal of Political Ideologies, 22(2), 182‒196. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569317. 2017.1311457
Lacan, J. (1977). Ecrits (A. Sheridan, Trans.). New York, NY: W. W. Norton. (Original work published 1966)
Lacan, J. (1988). The seminar, Book I. Freud’s papers on technique, 1953-54 (J. Forrester, Trans.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1975)
Lafrance, M. (2013). From the skin-ego to the psychic envelope: An introduction to the work of Didier Anzieu. In S. L. Cavanagh, A. Failler, & R. A. J Hurst (Eds.), Skin, culture and psychoanalysis (pp. 16-44). London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Langness, L. L. (1974). The study of culture. San Francisco, CA: Chandler & Sharp.
Leeming, D. A., & Leeming, M.A. (1994). Encyclopedia of creation myths. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
Lévi-Strauss, C. (1955). The structural study of myth. The Journal of American Folklore, 68(270), 428-44.
Lévi-Strauss, C. (1974). Structural anthropology. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Lieu, S. N. C. (1992). Manichaeism in the later Roman Empire and medieval China: A historical survey. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.
Loewald, H. W. (1980a). Ego and reality. In H. W. Loewald, Papers on psychoanalysis (pp. 3-20). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Loewald, H. W. (1980b). Primary process, secondary process, and language. In H. W. Loewald, Papers on psychoanalysis (pp. 178‒206). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Loewald, H. W. (1980c). Superego and time. In H. W. Loewald, Papers on psychoanalysis (pp. 43-52). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Malek Behbahani, O. (2011). The role of women in Manichaean society. Woman in culture and art. Women’s Research, 2, 87-96.
Manichaeism. (2019). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Manichaeism
Marx, K. (1998). The German ideology. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. (Original work published 1845)
Mohammadpour-Yazdi, A.R., & Jandl, M. (2019). Superego and will to dominate over ego: a synthetic approach to ideology through encapsulated skin-ego. Language and Psychoanalysis, 8(2), 61-79.
Nietzsche, F. (1924). The joyful wisdom (“La Gaya Scienza”) (T. Common, Trans.). Retrieved from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/n/nietzsche/friedrich/n67j/complete.html (Original work published 1882)
Oort, J. van. (2015). Manichaean women in Augustine’s life and works. In V. Christianae (Ed.), A review of early Christian life and language (pp. 312-326). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. Paul, R. A. (1989). Psychoanalytic anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 18, 177-202.
Quinodoz, J.-M. (2005). Reading Freud: A chronological exploration of Freud’s writings (D. Alcorn, Trans.). New York, NY: Routledge. (Original work published 2004)
Reich, W. (1973). The discovery of the orgone. Vol. 1. The function of the orgasm; sex-economic problems of biological energy. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. (Original work published 1927)
Segal, N. (2009). Consensuality: Didier Anzieu, gender and the sense of touch. Amsterdam; New York, NY: Rodopi.
Skjaervo, P. O. (2006). An introduction to Manicheism. Retrieved from https://sites.fas.harvard.edu/~iranian/Manicheism/Manicheism_I_Intro.pdf
Stolorow, R.D. (2007). Trauma and human existence: Autobiographical, psychoanalytic, and philosophical reflections. New York, NY: The Analytic Press.
Stolorow, R. D, & Atwood, G. E. (1992). Contexts of being: The intersubjective foundations of psychological life. London, UK: The Analytic Press.
Stolorow, R. D., & Atwood, G. E. (1996). The intersubjective perspective. Psychoanalytic Review, 83,181-194.
Sundermann, W. (2009). Manicheism: General survey. Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved from http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/manicheism-1-general-survey.
Tongerloo, A. V. (2003, January). Two Manichaean ladies. Iranica Selecta. Studies in honour of Professor Wojciech Skalmowski on the occasion of his seventieth birthday (pp. 257-262). h
Ulnik, J. (2008). Skin in psychoanalysis. London, UK: Karnac Books.
Weaver, J. (2011). Pluralist separatism and community. In Harold J. Recinos (Ed.), Wading through many voices: Toward a theology of public conversation (pp. 95-111). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Winnicott, D. W. (1955). The depressive position in normal emotional development. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 28(2-3), 89-100.
Yorioka, P. H. (2010). In search of the woman within: A study of Manichaean motherhood. Symposia conducted at the University of Toronto’s Department for the Study of Religion. Retrieved from http://symposia.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/symposia/article
/view/6942/922
Zaehner, R. C. (1961). The dawn and twilight of Zoroastrianism. London, UK: Phoenix Press.
Zarrinkoob, A. (1995). The value of Sufism's legacy [Arzeshe Miras-e Soofieh]. Tehran, Iran: Amirkabir.
Zarshenas, Z. (2011). Woman in some Sogdian writings. Central Asiatic Journal, 55(2), 294-302. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41928594.
Abraham, N., & Torok, M. (1986). The Wolf Man's magic word: A cryptonymy (N. Rand, Trans.). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. (Original work published 1976)
Akhtar, S. (2009). Comprehensive dictionary of psychoanalysis. London, UK: Karnac Books.
American Anthropological Association. (AAA). (2019, May 8). What is anthropology? Retrieved from http://www.aaanet.org/about/WhatisAnthropology.cfm
Anzieu, D. (1979). The sound image of the self. The International Review of Psycho-Analysis, 6, 23-36.
Anzieu, D. (1984). The group and the unconscious. London, UK: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Anzieu, D. (1990). A skin for thought: Interviews with Gilbert Tarrab on psychology and psychoanalysis (G. Tarrab, Ed.). London, UK: Karnac Books.
Anzieu, D. (2016). The skin-ego (N. Segal, Trans.). London, UK: Karnac Books. (Original work published 1995)
Anzieu-Premmereur, C. (2015). The skin-ego: dyadic sensuality, trauma in infancy, and adult narcissistic issues. Psychoanalytic Review, 102(5), 659-681.
Bahar, M. (1989). Bundahishn. Persian translation of Bundahishn by Dadegi, Faranbagh. Tehran, Iran: Tous.
Bahar, M. (2001). A search on Iranian mythology. Tehran, Iran: Agah.
Benjamin, J. (2000). Response to commentaries by Mitchell and Butler. Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 1(3), 291-308. https://doi.org/10.1080/15240650109349160
Bick, E. (1968). The experience of the skin in early object relations. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis 49(2-3), 484-486.
Bion, W. R. (1967). Second thoughts. London, UK: William Heinemann.
Boyce, M. (1975). A reader in Manichaean: Middle-Persian and Parthian. Téhéran-Lìege, Iran-Belgium: Bibliothèque Pahlavi.
Burrus, V. (1987). Chastity as autonomy: Women in the stories of the Apocryphal acts (Vol. 23). Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press.
Butler, J. (1997). The psychic life of power: Theories in subjection. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Butler, J. (2000). Longing for recognition: Commentary on the work of Jessica Benjamin. Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 1(3), 291-308. https://doi.org/10.1080/15240650109349159
Butler J. (2015). Ideologies of the super-ego: Psychoanalysis and feminism, Revisited. In R. Duschinsky & S. Walker (Eds.), Juliet Mitchell and the Lateral Axis (pp. 57-77). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Campbell, J. (2000). The masks of God: [Vol. 2]. London, UK: Souvenir.
Chasseguet-Smirgel, J. (1974). Perversion, idealization and sublimation. The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 55(3), 349-357.
Clover, J. (2008). The matrix. London, UK: BFI.
Corbin, H. (1983). Cyclical time and lsmaili gnosis. London, UK: Kegan Paul/Islamic.
Coyle, K. J. (2001). Prolegomena to a study of women in Manichaeism. In P. Mirecki & J. BeDuhn (Eds.), The light and the darkness: Studies in Manichaeism and its world (pp. 1-4). Nag Hammadi and Manichaeism Studies 50. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
Coyle, J. K. (2007). A clash of portraits; contrasts between Archelaus and Mani. In J. Beduhn & P. Mirecki (Eds.), The Acta Archelai, frontiers of faith (Vol. 61, pp. 67-76). Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
Darmesteter, J. (1880). The Zend-Avesta. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. Retrieved from http://wwww.archive.org/details/zendavesta02darm.
Dunphy, R. (2000). Sexual politics: An introduction. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press.
Esmailpour. A. (2005, July). Manichaean gnosis & creation myth. Sino-Platonic Papers, 156, 1-157.
Evans, D. (1996). An introductory dictionary of Lacanian psychoanalysis. New York, NY: Routledge.
Ford, J.L. (2016). Buddhism, Christianity, and The Matrix: The Dialectic of Mythmaking in Contemporary Cinema. Journal of Religion & Film, 4 (2), 1-17. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol4/iss2/1
Franzmann, M.M. (2007). Tehat the weaver: women's experience in manichaeism in fourth-century Roman Kellis. Australian Religion Studies Review, 20(1), 17-26.
Freud, S. (1961). An outline of psycho-analysis. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud Standard Edition (Vol. 23, pp. 139-208). London, UK: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1938)
Freud, S. (1961). Creative writers and day-dreaming. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud Standard Edition (pp. 143-153). London, UK: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1908)
Freud, S. (1961). The dissolution of the Oedipus complex. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud Standard Edition (pp. 172-180). London, UK: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1924)
Freud, S. (1961). The ego and the id. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud Standard Edition (pp. 1-66). London, UK: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1923)
Freud, S. (1961). New introductory lectures on psycho-analysis. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud Standard Edition (pp. 3-182). London, UK: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1933)
Freud, S. (1961). The question of lay analysis. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud Standard Edition (pp. 183-250). London, UK: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1926)
Freud, S. (1961). Some psychical consequences of the anatomical distinction between the sexes. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud Standard Edition (pp. 243-258). London, UK: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1925)
Freud, S. (1961). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (pp. 123-246). London, UK: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1905)
Freud, S. (1961). Totem and taboo. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud Standard Edition (pp. 1-161). London, UK: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1913)
Gomez, L. (1997). An introduction to object relations. New York: New York University Press.
Grosz, E. (1994). Volatile bodies: Towards a corporeal feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Hinshelwood, R. D. (1997). Catastrophe, objects and representation: Three levels of interpretation. British Journal of Psychotherapy, 13(3), 307-317. https://doi.org/10. 1111/j.1752-0118.1997.tb00317.x
Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and time. London, UK: SCM Press.
Hopp, W. (2008). Husserl on sensation, perception, and interpretation. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 38(2), 219-246.
Irigaray, L. (1985). This sex which is not one (C. Porter & C. Burke, Trans.). New York, NY: Cornell University Press. (Original work published 1977)
Jacobson, E. (1964). The self and the object world. New York, NY: International Universities Press.
Jacobson, E. (1967). Psychotic conflict and reality. New York, NY: International Universities Press.
Krystal, H. (1988). Integration and self-healing: Affect, trauma, alexithymia. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Kølvraa, C., & Ifversen, J. (2017). The attraction of ideology: Discourse, desire and the body. Journal of Political Ideologies, 22(2), 182‒196. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569317. 2017.1311457
Lacan, J. (1977). Ecrits (A. Sheridan, Trans.). New York, NY: W. W. Norton. (Original work published 1966)
Lacan, J. (1988). The seminar, Book I. Freud’s papers on technique, 1953-54 (J. Forrester, Trans.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1975)
Lafrance, M. (2013). From the skin-ego to the psychic envelope: An introduction to the work of Didier Anzieu. In S. L. Cavanagh, A. Failler, & R. A. J Hurst (Eds.), Skin, culture and psychoanalysis (pp. 16-44). London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Langness, L. L. (1974). The study of culture. San Francisco, CA: Chandler & Sharp.
Leeming, D. A., & Leeming, M.A. (1994). Encyclopedia of creation myths. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
Lévi-Strauss, C. (1955). The structural study of myth. The Journal of American Folklore, 68(270), 428-44.
Lévi-Strauss, C. (1974). Structural anthropology. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Lieu, S. N. C. (1992). Manichaeism in the later Roman Empire and medieval China: A historical survey. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.
Loewald, H. W. (1980a). Ego and reality. In H. W. Loewald, Papers on psychoanalysis (pp. 3-20). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Loewald, H. W. (1980b). Primary process, secondary process, and language. In H. W. Loewald, Papers on psychoanalysis (pp. 178‒206). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Loewald, H. W. (1980c). Superego and time. In H. W. Loewald, Papers on psychoanalysis (pp. 43-52). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Malek Behbahani, O. (2011). The role of women in Manichaean society. Woman in culture and art. Women’s Research, 2, 87-96.
Manichaeism. (2019). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Manichaeism
Marx, K. (1998). The German ideology. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. (Original work published 1845)
Mohammadpour-Yazdi, A.R., & Jandl, M. (2019). Superego and will to dominate over ego: a synthetic approach to ideology through encapsulated skin-ego. Language and Psychoanalysis, 8(2), 61-79.
Nietzsche, F. (1924). The joyful wisdom (“La Gaya Scienza”) (T. Common, Trans.). Retrieved from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/n/nietzsche/friedrich/n67j/complete.html (Original work published 1882)
Oort, J. van. (2015). Manichaean women in Augustine’s life and works. In V. Christianae (Ed.), A review of early Christian life and language (pp. 312-326). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. Paul, R. A. (1989). Psychoanalytic anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 18, 177-202.
Quinodoz, J.-M. (2005). Reading Freud: A chronological exploration of Freud’s writings (D. Alcorn, Trans.). New York, NY: Routledge. (Original work published 2004)
Reich, W. (1973). The discovery of the orgone. Vol. 1. The function of the orgasm; sex-economic problems of biological energy. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. (Original work published 1927)
Segal, N. (2009). Consensuality: Didier Anzieu, gender and the sense of touch. Amsterdam; New York, NY: Rodopi.
Skjaervo, P. O. (2006). An introduction to Manicheism. Retrieved from https://sites.fas.harvard.edu/~iranian/Manicheism/Manicheism_I_Intro.pdf
Stolorow, R.D. (2007). Trauma and human existence: Autobiographical, psychoanalytic, and philosophical reflections. New York, NY: The Analytic Press.
Stolorow, R. D, & Atwood, G. E. (1992). Contexts of being: The intersubjective foundations of psychological life. London, UK: The Analytic Press.
Stolorow, R. D., & Atwood, G. E. (1996). The intersubjective perspective. Psychoanalytic Review, 83,181-194.
Sundermann, W. (2009). Manicheism: General survey. Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved from http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/manicheism-1-general-survey.
Tongerloo, A. V. (2003, January). Two Manichaean ladies. Iranica Selecta. Studies in honour of Professor Wojciech Skalmowski on the occasion of his seventieth birthday (pp. 257-262). h
Ulnik, J. (2008). Skin in psychoanalysis. London, UK: Karnac Books.
Weaver, J. (2011). Pluralist separatism and community. In Harold J. Recinos (Ed.), Wading through many voices: Toward a theology of public conversation (pp. 95-111). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Winnicott, D. W. (1955). The depressive position in normal emotional development. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 28(2-3), 89-100.
Yorioka, P. H. (2010). In search of the woman within: A study of Manichaean motherhood. Symposia conducted at the University of Toronto’s Department for the Study of Religion. Retrieved from http://symposia.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/symposia/article
/view/6942/922
Zaehner, R. C. (1961). The dawn and twilight of Zoroastrianism. London, UK: Phoenix Press.
Zarrinkoob, A. (1995). The value of Sufism's legacy [Arzeshe Miras-e Soofieh]. Tehran, Iran: Amirkabir.
Zarshenas, Z. (2011). Woman in some Sogdian writings. Central Asiatic Journal, 55(2), 294-302. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41928594.
Published
06-Apr-2020
How to Cite
Mohammadpour-Yazdi, A.-R., Jandl, M., & Motlagh, A. E. (2020). Encapsulated Skin-Ego and Anti-Corporeal Manichaean Myth of Femininity in Transmission. Language and Psychoanalysis, 9(1), 26-45. https://doi.org/10.7565/landp.v9i1.1702
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Section
Original Articles
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